Book Analysis Life of Pi Essay Example

Book Analysis: Life of Pi Essay Polina Bystrytska Bystrytska 1 Ms. Kalymon ENG3U1-02 Thursday July 15th 2010. Oh, How Tragic. Tragedy is an action or a pattern of actions that we wish never had happened. Tragedy even occurs in Yann Martel’s Life of Pi. This can be shown in the theme or separation and isolation: Not only from his family but also from humanity. The unpleasant setting Pi has to get used to, As well as the loss of his innocence. Yann Martel’s Life of Pi is a tragedy due to the obstacles Pi is put through and the challenges he has to face. The novel Life of Pi is a tragedy because Pi is isolated from society. When the Tsimtsum sinks, everyone that was on board dies, including his family. He is stranded in the middle of the Pacific Ocean with only Richard Parker. When Pi sees the wild animal swimming toward his boat after the ship wreck, Pi Sais â€Å"[†¦] and we’ll be together [†¦] we’ll be together? Have I gone mad? † (Martel 99) At this moment Pi realizes that he is about to let a huge wild hungry tiger on board. A tiger that his dad taught him a memorable lesson about. He was about to be stuck on the boat with a beast that could possibly end his life in a heartbeat. We will write a custom essay sample on Book Analysis: Life of Pi specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Book Analysis: Life of Pi specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Book Analysis: Life of Pi specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer And so it was only him and Richard Parker. He will be Pi’s only companion for the trip. Their journey begins. Months go by and due to his loneliness he starts talking to Page 2 Richard Parker. Even though he has a diary that he writes in everyday, he obviously feels socially alone. Pi has several conversations with Richard Parker. Most of the time he hallucinated the animal talking back, when we know that is just impossible. When Pi feels that Richard Parker is showing affection or some kind of emotion Pi would feel the need to speak up. [†¦] I love you Richard Parker [†¦]† (236) Pi shows compassion for Richard Parker because you always need somebody to care for and love. Pi is so alone that his only social group and his only alive ‘friend’ for the next 227 days is a tiger. During their voyage Pi has learnt to love Richard Parker as his friend or a brother. Richard Parker is Pi’s only population. This is why he feels the need to communicate with the wild creature. That’s why it is sad for Pi when Richard Parker runs off into the woods of Mexico without a ‘proper’ goodbye that Pi would have hoped for. But isolation and loneliness is not the only way tragedy can be proven in this novel. In Life of Pi tragedy is also shown through the settings Pi has to live with. His surroundings make it really difficult to adjust to. Living on a boat, in the middle of the Pacific Ocean with a low supply of food and a tiger. Pi also has to survive through some harsh weather conditions. â€Å"The sky was a heavy, suffocating blanket of grey cloud [†¦]† (215) Pi had to make a tarp and hide under the rain with Richard Parker. Pi was not only trying to survive through rain and thunderstorms but also through scorching heat and humidity. The heat made him thirsty and hot, but he couldn’t always drink fresh water and take a swim to cool off. â€Å"The water began to churn around us with sharks. † (127) Pi did not Page 3 always have a choice to go and take a swim. He would rarely get into the water, and every time he did, Pi would be making a life taking risk. Who knows when a shark would take a snap at his legs or even arms. This was a very ridiculous and an unpleasant setting for Pi and Richard Parker. Try being stuck at sea and not be able to even swim. Very tragic. There is also one more way tragedy can be shown, and that is through the loss of innocence. The loss of innocence can be demonstrated in two different ways in Life of Pi. One of the ways is when Pi has to put his religious views aside (Hinduism) and eat meat. This had happened when Pi was running out of food and killing a fish was his only way of feeding himself. â€Å"It was the first sentient being I had ever killed. I was now a killer. † (183) were the thoughts running through his mind. When they run out of food on the boat, Pi and Richard Parker needed something to survive on. Eating fish, turtles and even meerkats was their only way of not dying from starvation. Pi gave in. Well, he had to. So they are at sea for quite some time now, and then they come across this Algae Island. For Pi this seems too good to be true. He thinks he’s hallucinating and imagining the whole thing. This island has everything; protection from the weather, food and even fresh water. While Pi was on the island he found some fruit too. â€Å"I wanted to try the fruit, but the tree was too high. So I returned with a rope. If the algae was delicious, what would its fruit be like? (278) Is what Pi thought to himself. We can compare this island to the Garden of Eden. It’s a very beautiful place but it’s more than meets the eye. When Eve and Adam take a bite of the Page 4 forbidden fruit they are kicked out of heaven and are forced to live in our ‘earth’ conditions that they were not used to. Just like when Pi discovers this place, it’s gorgeous but then he finds out that this island is really a carnivorous one. The algae turns highly acid and eats the fish. So he if forced to leave because even the fruit wasn’t really fruit. The fruit turned out to be leaves wrapped around human teeth. Just like Adam and Eve, Pi finds out that the temptation of biting or trying to bite the fruit had its consequences. This was the reason why Richard Parker returned to the boat every night. It’s upsetting for Pi when he realized that things are not always as they seem. Facing difficult challenges and dealing with unpleasant and life threatening circumstances that Pi has to face is what makes Yann Martel’s Life of Pi a tragedy. He made it through avoiding sharks at all costs, weather patterns and losing his innocence. He also made it through isolation from civilization. Being all alone for over a year with an animal can make any person go insane. Sometimes a people can overcome the harsh obstacles that they are being put through. Sometimes they make it and sometimes they do not. Pi’s ambition and faith in all three religions is what helped him overcome this tragic event. Martel, Yann. Life o Pi . Orlando: Harcourt Ink. , 2001.

Free Essays on The Story of an Hour

The Story of an Hour In Kate Chopin’s short story â€Å" The Story of an Hour,† there is much irony. The first irony detected is in the way that Louise reacts to the news of the death of her husband, Brently Mallard. She is immediately overcome with sadness. However, once she is alone she allows herself to experience her feelings of joy at the prospect of being free from â€Å"repression.† She is no more able to staff off the feeling that was approaching her than trying to stop the waves from hitting the shore. Basically stated we are powerless over our feelings. First, one can state that no matter how hard we try we cannot keep a feeling from coming over us. Louise’s’ feelings come from deep within her soul. Physical exhaustion followed her first storm of grief. At first she did not know what was coming to her. She could not even give it a name. When she started to recognize it, she was trying to beat it back with sheer will power. Only to find that will power is no match for the total encompassing of feelings. Once she had abandoned herself the word â€Å"free† had escaped from her lips. She did not deliberately want if but it had come anyway. Unmistakably, a joy over took her. Not that she would not be sad again, but for now she was like a bird let out of the cage. Mrs. Mallard was a good example of Shakespeare’s line â€Å"To Thine own self be true.† She did not allow guilt to rear its ugly head but instead just felt her feelings. She allowed no one to witness her self-assertion. But, it was the strongest impulse of her being. As she was projecting spring and summer days to come, a feeling that her life would be her own gave her a contentment that she had not felt in a long time. She grows excited and begins to fantasize about living her life for herself. The term â€Å"new spring life,’ breath of rain and countless sparrows were twittering in the eaves† put an impression as if she longed for tha... Free Essays on The Story Of An Hour Free Essays on The Story Of An Hour The Story of an Hour In Kate Chopin’s short story â€Å" The Story of an Hour,† there is much irony. The first irony detected is in the way that Louise reacts to the news of the death of her husband, Brently Mallard. She is immediately overcome with sadness. However, once she is alone she allows herself to experience her feelings of joy at the prospect of being free from â€Å"repression.† She is no more able to staff off the feeling that was approaching her than trying to stop the waves from hitting the shore. Basically stated we are powerless over our feelings. First, one can state that no matter how hard we try we cannot keep a feeling from coming over us. Louise’s’ feelings come from deep within her soul. Physical exhaustion followed her first storm of grief. At first she did not know what was coming to her. She could not even give it a name. When she started to recognize it, she was trying to beat it back with sheer will power. Only to find that will power is no match for the total encompassing of feelings. Once she had abandoned herself the word â€Å"free† had escaped from her lips. She did not deliberately want if but it had come anyway. Unmistakably, a joy over took her. Not that she would not be sad again, but for now she was like a bird let out of the cage. Mrs. Mallard was a good example of Shakespeare’s line â€Å"To Thine own self be true.† She did not allow guilt to rear its ugly head but instead just felt her feelings. She allowed no one to witness her self-assertion. But, it was the strongest impulse of her being. As she was projecting spring and summer days to come, a feeling that her life would be her own gave her a contentment that she had not felt in a long time. She grows excited and begins to fantasize about living her life for herself. The term â€Å"new spring life,’ breath of rain and countless sparrows were twittering in the eaves† put an impression as if she longed for tha... Free Essays on The Story of an Hour The Story of an Hour â€Å"The Story of an Hour† is about a woman who finds the liberation to live for herself through her husband’s death. Kate Chopin’s main character, Louise Mallard, is an ordinary housewife who has a heart condition. When her husband dies in a train wreck, her sister Josephine and her husband’s friend Richards rush to her to break the news as gently as possible. When the news is broken to Louise, she immediately burst into tears and clutches her sister. After Louise calms down, she goes to her room to be by herself. She is still very upset, sobbing every now and then, but as she looks through the window, she is disturbed by her feelings, â€Å"this thing that was approaching to possess her†(Trotter 150). She is beginning to feel the freedom of being able â€Å"to live for herself†(Trotter 153) instead of her husband. She tries to reject this feeling at first, but then starts to give into it until it is a â€Å"monstrous joy†(Trotter 156) that consumes her. When she finally leaves the room in triumph, she finds out that her husband is alive. She dies from the shock of finding out her husband is alive. The doctor ironically said, â€Å"she died from the grief that kills.†(Chopin 446) Kate Chopin is known for writing controversial works in a time when they were not accepted. In that sense this story is very comparable to her other works. Her characters are always commits sins that often made her contemperaries cringe, whether reading private mail (Elizabeth Stock’s One Story†), deceiving well-meaning nuns (â€Å"Lilacs), smoking illicit hallucinogenic ciggarettes (â€Å"An Egyptian Ciggarette†), condoning murder (The Godmother†) or rejoicing at a husband’s death (â€Å"Story of an Hour†). Kate Chopin foreshadows Louise’s strange feelings about her husband’s death right from the start. Chopin writes, â€Å"she did not hear the story as many women have heard the same, with a paralyzed inab... Free Essays on The Story Of An Hour The Story Of An Hour Back in 1894, the American writer Kate Chopin wrote the short-story "The Story of an Hour". Chopin, born O’Flaherty, wasn’t renowned as a writer during her time, but she has achieved recognition in the 20th century especially with her 1899 novel "The Awakening". Her stories about strong women have really been paid attention to in relation to this century’s sexual liberation debate. This short-story revolves around what goes through a person’s head when informed that a close family member has perished. Louise Mallard is a young, yet married woman who suffers from heart trouble, and that’s why her closest relatives feel that they have to break the news to her as gently as possible. (Bender, p.257-66) Immediately after hearing the shocking news, Louise starts crying, and storms into her room. Since Louise spends the majority of the short-story in her room, this is the setting of the story. Noone really knows early in the story how Louise really feels about her husband dying. But the author certainly gives some evident hints. The fourth paragraph’s content, which revolves around the period of time where Louise has just entered her room, is fairly surprising. Everyone would expect Louise to weep with agony and pain, but instead she sits calmly down: "There stood, facing an open window, a comfortable, roomy armchair." The notes of a distant song which some was singing reached her faintly, and countless sparrows were twittering in the eaves." All these descriptions are beautiful images of life, making the reader quite confused until Louise’s reaction is explained. As Chopin puts it: "She said it over and over under her breath: ’free, free, free!’" This feeling; freedom, is obviously something Louise hasn’t felt for a really long time. As Chopin puts it; "What could love (..) Louise now has more positive energy and vitality than ever, and even calls herself a "Goddess of victory". Her sister, Josep... Free Essays on The Story Of An Hour Kate Chopin uses many different elements to create the theme of â€Å"The Story of an Hour.† Irony, symbolism, and foreshadowing are important elements that create the theme. The theme of â€Å"The Story of an Hour† is the frailty of life. Irony is the first element of â€Å"The Story of an Hour.† The main irony in the story is that Mrs. Mallard has a new life created and then destroyed for her, all in an hour. She sees a life of freedom ahead of her because of the death of her husband. This new life is then horribly ripped away from her when he walks through the door alive. His appearance then kills her. Another example of irony is that her new life was created by death. Her husband was listed as killed in a railroad accident, and she saw his death as a fresh start on a free life. â€Å"She saw that beyond that bitter moment a long procession of years to come that would belong to her absolutely,† says Chopin. The third irony is the fact that she does feel joy at the death of her husband, which is normally quite unexpected. Even her sister and her husband’s friend Richard expected her to be heartbroken, and they were fearful for her health. Instead she was so happy, it killed her when he appeared alive. Finally, after hearing of his death, she prayed that her life would be long when â€Å"only yesterday she had thought with a shudder that life might be long.† Soon after, she dies. Even the title of the story is ironic when the end result of the story is known. A new life was created and destroyed all within an hour, showing how frail life is. There are also several instances of symbolism in this story that help the theme of frailty of life. The â€Å"new spring life† that Chopin mentions symbolizes the new life that Mrs. Mallard feels for herself. The way that Richards and Mrs. Mallard’s sister break the news to her symbolizes the way women were viewed during Chopin’s lifetime. In those days, women were viewed ... Free Essays on The Story Of An Hour â€Å"The Story of an Hour† by Kate Chopin gives us a very interesting look at how an hour can be such a long time. This story is filled with irony. Every time that you think that you have the plot figured out, Chopin tosses in another twist that throws our minds for a loop. As I read this story the first time I thought how strange, but as I read it again and again I started pick up bits and pieces of what the author was trying to convey. When I first began reading the story I believed Mrs. Mallard to be an older woman. I thought this because we are told that she is afflicted with a heart trouble. I realize that having heart trouble does not ultimately mean old, but that is just the way our minds work. I was surprised to find that Mrs. Mallard was actually a young woman, described as having â€Å"a fair, calm face, whose lines bespoke repression.† She was young in age, but did she feel old? Did she feel that her life meant nothing? We find out the answers to these questions as we read on. Mrs. Mallard is given the news of her husbands’ death from her sister, Josephine. She reacts just as anyone else would, she weeps immediately, and is stricken with grief. She falls into her sister’s arms for comfort. Then as she composes herself, she goes to her room alone. It is at this point that the story takes a strange twist. Mrs. Mallard sees the blue sky out her window. She feels the breeze flowing in from the outside. She smells the rain that was still in the air. We are told that she feels something coming towards her. She waits fearfully. It is â€Å"too subtle and elusive to name.† What could it be wonders the reader? Then it hits us unexpectedly. The thing coming towards her is her freedom. She whispers free, free, free. She is described as having a monstrous joy. Her husband would no longer repress her. She was free at last. She prayed that her life would be long, something that she had not wished for sinc... Free Essays on The Story of an Hour Love Wasn’t Love is sacrifice of one’s self for the people you care about most in your life. Love is a choice to do what is best for another person. There are times when choosing to love someone comes at a great cost. You have to sacrifice something; time, money, energy, and sometimes the supreme cost will be giving up your own life so that someone else can live. When it really costs you something to carry on in a relationship or to help someone, that is the real test to find out if you truly love that person. If you bail out, you have just proved that you love yourself more than the person who needs your help. If you do what is best for the other person even though it is difficult for you, then you have discovered real love, a love that you choose to exercise regardless of how you feel. I feel like Louise loved him in the beginning of their relationship, however, over time she was only comfortable being with him. Staying together was easier than being alone. So when she found out about his death, and that it was not her fault, she could be free without taking any blame. According to Joseph Rosenblum, â€Å"nothing can compensate Louise for the freedom that she has lost by marrying. Her face â€Å"bespoke repression†; no matter how kind Brentley has been, he has still imposed his will upon his wife. Hence, Brentley’s death is not tragic to her, since it gives her own life back to her† (Rosenblum par 7) The story states that she had loved him some of the time, which I believe if not all the time, then love did not exist throughout most of their marriage. When Louise whispered free over and over, she exhibited the fact that her life would be lived without the constant controlling of her husband. I think that since being diagnosed with heart trouble, maybe Brently must have been a little forceful with Louise to make sure she would not get worse. He could have imposed rules that she must abide by in order to prevent her from...

The business environment of ARM along with an appraisal of the Essay

The business environment of ARM along with an appraisal of the organizations strategy - Essay Example According to the study conducted ARM may see itself in the PC Market in direct competition with Intel. Intel, initially operated in the PC Market and both the companies, though manufactured microprocessors, catered to different markets entirely. Intel had strong hold over the PC industry while ARM boasted sales in the mobile industry. However, in the recent years, with the PC market coming to a cooling phase, Intel has decided to enter the mobile market and make competition tough for ARM. The possibility of new entrants in the market is quite low. New entrants in the case ARM are only occurring in the shape of Intel that previously went with capturing the PC market; and even though Intel is a huge company as compared to ARM, it will still be facing difficulty in competing with ARM. This makes threat of new entrants low. There are two reasons behind the low threat of entrants. Firstly, ARM has been able to develop a near monopoly in the cell phone market. The buyers of ARM are satisfi ed with ARM at this point of time and do not wish to switch to new substitutes. Another reason is that ARM has developed specific software that work with its microprocessors; and asking buyers to switch would be asking to invest money and time in understanding and adapting to different software that could complicate issues. Threat of Substitute Products is medium for ARM. At this point of time, the threat of substitute products is balanced for ARM. While the semiconductor industry is quite competitive with the presence of industries such as Intel, Samsung, Toshiba etc, ARM is able to generate revenues because of its software and licensing. This makes it difficult for competitors to replace the ARM chips in 95% of the cell phones (Clara, 2012). Manufactures of cell phones have adapted to the technology of ARM and do not wish to switch over to substitute products that may not generate the same value as that of ARM. The cost of switching over to substitute products is quite high for th e buyers which include additional risk; but this is counterattacked by the presence of giants in the semi-conductor industry that could take hold of the ARM market with some effort. Bargaining Power of the Buyers: Bargaining Power of the Buyers in the case of ARM is quite high. This is because the buyers mainly include chipmakers such as Qualcomm, who would likely produce their own semiconductors if the prices of the chips exceed further. At the moment, ARM is generating profits through royalty and license fees on the chips that it sells with royalty as low as 1 percent for each chip (D’ Altorio, 2010). Bargaining Power of the Suppliers: Bargaining Power of the Suppliers in this case is medium. This is because ARM does not manufacture its own microprocessors but is dependant of outside suppliers. ARM has its own RISC chips that are energy efficient and sell the most; therefore supplier power is low as compared to the buyer power Competitive Rivalry: From the above analysis, w e can conclude that competitive rivalry for ARM in the cell phone market is low but in the semiconductor industry, ARM ranks quite low in terms of its sales. ARM enjoys a significant power in the market due to its licensing but other than

The needs of young people who offend and the risks they pose are not Essay

The needs of young people who offend and the risks they pose are not the same thing. Discuss - Essay Example According to Arthur (2005) the courts have held the parents of offending youths responsible on some level since the 19th century. Prior to 1990 such parental responsibility was only generally found in financial terms with the parents being forced to pay compensation for the harm caused by their children1. The same financial responsibility has been retained since the reforms in the criminal justice system2 but the government has added extra burdens on the parents in non-financial terms. Gelsthorpe (1999) highlights the proposed changes that the Government were planning on implementing in 1991 such that the parents of offending children could be charged with failing ‘to prevent their children from committing offences’. These plans failed to come to fruition but the introduction of the Criminal Justice Act 1991 s58 did give the courts the power to issue a bind-over to the parents of offending youths. Parents were entitled to refuse to accept the bind-over but could then be faced with a fine of  £1000. Prior to the 1991 Act the non-financial responsibility of parents was limited to a requirement for them to attend court with the children3. Most of the Criminal Justice Act 1991 was repealed by the Powers of the Criminal Courts (Sentencing) Act 2000 although the provision to bind-over parents was retained under s150. Under this section a bind-over can remain in place for a maximum of 3 years or until the child attains the age of 18, which ever is the sooner. This section can also make it so that the parent is bound over to ensure that the child complies with any community sentence that has been imposed on them4. Prior to the 2000 Act parenting orders were brought into being through the Crime and Disorder Act 1998 aimed at making parents responsible for the actions of their children. These orders range from making the children attend school to curfews and enforcing their children from association with certain persons.

Advantages and Disadvantages of Undercover Officers Essay

Advantages and Disadvantages of Undercover Officers - Essay Example It is evidently clear from the discussion that the use of undercover as an investigative technique has grown into all areas of criminal investigations in most of the countries. Though an undercover officer’s job is an exciting one, it consists of a lot of challenges and risks. â€Å"It’s perfectly legal for undercover officers and informants to engage in criminal activity to protect their cover. Because of the serious threats to their lives, while facing extreme terrorists and criminals, undercover officers are legally allowed to engage in any sort of activities to protect their lives. They can even kill the suspected people if there is no other option to capture them alive. â€Å"Undercover officers are legally allowed to lie when you inquire whether they’re law enforcement personnel.   It does no good to ask, â€Å"Are you a cop?†Ã‚   Undercover cops can just reply, â€Å"Of course not.† As part of their duty, undercover officers need not tell truths all the times. They can manipulate stories and even they can tell utter lies to execute their mission effectively. The aim or target is most important for the undercover officers rather than the method used to reach the target. â€Å"To those engaged in police investigations, undercover operations offer the opportunity for increased efficiency. They allow you to penetrate criminal organizations not susceptible to other investigative techniques.† (Burton) Criminals have well-defined methods to tackle any kind of operations from the police because they are able to watch and act based on the police activities because of their known identity. On the other hand, because of the unknown identity of the undercover officers, criminals may not get enough information about the actions and procedures of these officers and also most of the undercover operations occur unexpectedly. The criminals may not get enough time for preparation or resistance in most of the undercover operati ons.

Tata Motors

Tata Motors Introduction Tata motors are the India’s largest automobile company with 14 million $. Established in 1945 it rolled out of India in 1954. Tata motors, the first company from Indian engineering sector to be listed in New York stock exchange, which emerged as international automobile industry. Tata has its operations in all continents. Tata increased its global network by acquiring Jaguar cars and Land Rover from Ford cars. In recent years, Tata as lost its prestige due to some wrong strategic planning and also has been in controversies for wrong reasons. The most famous was the Bengal scandal faced by Tata where it had to move out its half built plant to Gujarat. Which cost them capital, time and mostly importantly its brand name? The main focus of my dissertation will be to study Tata motors Strategies and understand why it is not doing good in developed economies. Objectives The core objective of my study is to understand the challenges faced by Indian car companies in Developed countries. Although Tata has been successful to acquire Jaguar and land rover these companies are also not performing up to expectations. My study will help understand this company what is stopping them from being successful. My dissertation will be only focused on passenger cars. Objectives Study the Strategy adopted by Tata Understand the problems in strategies Understanding the marketing mix adopted by Tata To study the competitor and their strategies adopted in U.K. The major questions to be answered in my dissertation are:- Q1) What are the problems faced by Indian automobile industry abroad? Q2) What strategies are adopted by Tata in United Kingdom? Q3) Why has the import penetration strategy of Tata failed? Q4) Why has Tata failed to function in significant market? Preliminary literature review â€Å"The European Automobile Industry† by Andrew M Mclaughlin and Willlam A Malony has discussed about strategies and policy failure of UK government and the problems in Ministry with diverse range of actors with differing views on future direction. In chapter 3 they have explained the procedure adopted by Land Rover to Privatises. The car market M J H mogridge analysis the statistics and dynamics of supply and demand. This research provides all the statistical data like supply model car ownership forecasting model. This will help me understand the future structure that Tata will adopt and will it be useful in the Market. The book CAR by Mary Walton in chapter 11 she has talked about the supply- side economics and production of automobile which affects the cost of production and supply chain model of an company. Japanese’s in UK [The Japanese] are welcome here in Britain has made no secret of welcome inward investment. We view it not as threat but as an opportunity both for investor and as the host UK. (John Major anglo-japanese journal 1990 4{3}:10) The future of automobile (the report by MIT’s international automobile program by Alan Alshuler, Martin Anderson, Daniel Jones, Danniel roos, James Womack. The report is about Japanese car structure and technological advancement and priorities of UK which have shifted dramatically towards intervention. The pressure of the world oil reserves and production which adds pressure to change in fuel and green gas emissions. The technological shift and opportunities to adapt the automobile to change the process of RD. The book â€Å"Cars, Carriers of regionalism† By Jorge Carrillo, Yannick Lung and Rob van Tulder† will provide me information for the role of WTO and its trade disputes in 1995-2001. The import penetration and export penetration ratios for motor vehicles. Rules of origin in free trade agreements. The automobile production in Europe. Passenger car sales in India 1981-2001 and economies in south Asia. The book â€Å"globalization or regionalization of the American and Asian car industry? By Michel Freyssenet, Koichi Shimizu and Giuseppe Volpato†. Changes in the level of concentration of the world automobile industry 1985-2006. The changing shift of power from western country to Asian markets. The failure of American car companies. â€Å"The Indian Automobile Industry: Statistical Profile 2005-2006† by society of â€Å"Indian automobile manufacture† this book will provide me the main data needed and also the statics will be provided to me. Data like the sales rise in Indian market and also the role of IMF and WTO in promoting automobile industry in India. â€Å"The British car industry: our part in its downfall by James Ruppert† will give information like the real situation about British car industry and how it is dealing with the current situation of credit crunch. The European companies talking over British companies. The evolution of the British automobile industries. Annual production of land rover and British car manufacture. Annual change in domestic sales. Market failure of transforming British Leyland into land rover. Information available on internet. The official website for automobiles in UK has all the needed information like (manufacturing industry) turnover, Employees, Companies, capital expenditure, stock turns, trade balance. (Vehicles registration) UK cars sold 2002-2008, used cars sold in 2002-2008. According to British chamber of commerce the recovery of UK’s economy will be depended on automobile industry. There are some case studies available about jaguar and land rover on www.supplychainmanagement.com Methodology My study will be focused on both Quantitative and qualitative techniques of data interpretation. My mostly data sets will be economic, WTO agreements and data collected from interviews. Economic Data sets: This data will be collected through books IMF’s reports, research, Journal, Organisations, Interviews. This data includes the laws and also policies which affect Tata. The stat table of annual sale of each automobile company. According to Hired Michael Eisner – 1984 there are two types of analysis for strategies management process internal and external. Internal include analysis like human recourse, manufacturing ability and technology; whereas external include factors like interest rate, demographic, socio cultural trend. Analysis like SWOT, PESTEL and Michel portal’s five forces will also help me understand better the strategies adopted by Tata and the reason for failing in UK were others have succeeded. Although it is quite clear that financial crisis has hit every automobile company in this world. Interview: This is one of the very important and most useful techniques to be used to find out Tata’s strategies for Jaguar and Land Rover in U.K. This interview can be done via E-mails or any other electronic source. Data like structure of the company and official figures can release by this method. It is also possible to understand their future goals and new releases via this method if allowed. Co-relations: the data collected will be processed in SPSs software and the co relation will be obtained which will help in understand the different strategies and there rate of success for both Japanese as well as Tata. The main motto for using this technique is to understand and collect the data available and analysis for this software’s like SPSS and Excel will be used and also graphs and tables will be presented to describe how the sales for Tata have increased and how it is look at its future in United Kingdom. This will also help me to understand that how the change in the ownership has brought change in the brand name. Possible outcomes The dissertation I am planning to make will provide the future of Tata motors in U.K. and also help in evaluating the Indian automobile industry. Tata is undoubted the biggest brand form India. This dissertation will help to analysis the mistakes made by Indian brand aboard and what all things are needed to improve the brand name. This kind of study will involve lot of study and analysis of the sales and structure of jaguar and land rover after and before Tata’s intervention. The outcomes of this dissertation will allow a clear view of FDI in U.K. for automobile industry and allow us to understand how this industry is evolve with lot of hard challenges like global warming, green house effect and also gas price hike. Jaguar in particular has faced lots of problems in particular for the recent credit crunch. Schedule Step1. This step will involve lot of reading of relevant books, and also collect economic policy, political information and law and regulations. This will also involve India’s economic progress after 1991 and read lots of journals, reports, T- tests, and data analysis done by experts. I will also try to understand co-relations and quantities techniques which will be use later on for processing of data. Step 2. This step will involve collection of data like structure and sales of particular year by means of interview as primary source and also collected data from secondary source. Later on I will plan and design a research model for data processing. Step 3. The last and final stage will involve methods like data processing which I have collected from the first two stages. My dissertation does not involve any hypothesis it just involves collection of structure, stage and market sales. Bibliography Research Methods for Business students/mark N.K Saunders, Philip Lewis, Adrian Thorhill. (page no. 109-117) Business research: a pratical guide for undergraduate and postgraduate students/ Jill Collis.(page no. 216-230) Globalization or regionalization of the American and Asian car industry? Michel Freyssenet, Koichi S.( chapter no. 2,3 and 6.) Carriers or regionalism? Edited by Yannik Lung Jorge Carillo and Robert yan Tulder..( chapter no3, 4 and 5) The future of automobile (the report by MIT’s international automobile program) by Alan Alshuler, Martin Anderson, Daniel Jones, Danniel roos, James Womack The European Automobile Industry by Andrew M Mclaughlin and Willlam A Malony (page 276-196) CAR by Mary Walton (chapter 11) The jaguar and land rover case studies http://www.supplychaingroups.co.uk/case-studies visited date 27-07-2009. The automobile industry in UK and the staticall data for sale and structure http://www.autoindustry.co.uk/statistics?s=1l3bshemdb3edau0 visited date 27-07-2009.

Prologue Of History :: essays research papers

Prologue of History Until statehood, Hawaii was ruled economically by a consortium of corporations known as the "Big Five": C. Brewer and Co., sugar, ranching, and chemicals, founded in 1826; Theo. H. Davies & Co., sugar, investments, insurance, and transportation, founded in 1845; Amfac Inc. (originally H. Hackfield Inc.-a German firm that changed its name and ownership during the anti-German sentiment of WW I to American Factors), sugar, insurance, and land development, founded in 1849; Castle and Cooke Inc., (Dole) pineapple, food packing, and land development, founded 1851; and Alexander and Baldwin Inc., shipping, sugar, and pineapple, founded in 1895. This economic oligarchy ruled Hawaii with a velvet glove and a steel grip. With members on all important corporate boards, they controlled all major commerce, including banking, shipping, insurance, hotel development, agriculture, utilities, and wholesale and retail merchandising. Anyone trying to buck the system was ground to dust, finding it suddenly impossible to do business in the islands. The Big Five were made up of the islands' oldest and most well-established haole families; all included bloodlines from Hawaii's own nobility and ali'i. They looked among themselves for suitable husbands and wives, so breaking in from the outside even through marriage was hardly possible. The only time they were successfully challenged prior to statehood was when Sears, Roebuck and Co. opened a store on Oahu. Closing ranks, the Big Five decreed that their steamships would not carry Sears's freight. When Sears threatened to buy its own steamship line, the Big Five relented. In the end, statehood, and more to the point, tourism, broke their oligarchy. After 1960 too much money was at stake for Mainland-based corporations to ignore. Eventually the grip of the Big Five was loosened, but they are still enormously powerful and richer than ever, though these days they don't control everything. Now their power is land. With only five other major landholders, the Big Five control 65 percent of all the privately held land in Hawaii. Why was the 1946 Strike so important? Before 1946, Hawaii's economy, politics and social structures were completely dominated by a corporate elite known as the Big Five (Alexander & Baldwin, American Factors, Castle & Cooke, C. Brewer, & Theo. Davies). The leaders of these factor companies exercised absolute control over Hawaii's plantation workers and the majority of the islands multi-ethnic workforce. The 1946 strike forever changed the balance of power between workers and the plantations. No longer would living and working conditions be set unilaterally by the plantation owners or their parent corporations. Nor was the lesson lost on the workers outside the plantation either. As sugar workers were now successful in